I guess for beginners it is interesting what tools and materials are most frequently used. I cannot speak for anyone but myself but these are the types of products I use in almost any build.
Disclaimer: there are no products linked and I don’t want to do that because I don’t want to make any money with this.
This is my weapon of choice! The cost effective Weller WE 1010 – I tried cheaper ones but the build quality is way better with higher priced soldering irons that’s for suregeneric multimeter – usually ones in a price range between 30€ and 50€ (I guess this applies to $ as well?) is good enough for a beginner.variable powersupply, this is not an essential and you could get away with two 9V block batteries for testing most stuff but I like the convenience it offers. It is really noisy tho!small parts magazine to store most used components like sockets, diodes, resistors, caps, cables, you name it.clipper – don’t ever use on anything else but copper/alu wire!!! they are very fragile (soft plastic is okay)my most used model of plier, you can get sets/kits. Never used any other model tho.cheap breadboard kit for beginners alright. Later on maybe too shabbyBoxcutter – secret tip- for cutting alu panels with max 2mm thicknessscalpel – used most for fixing wrong connections on stripboard when everything else fails 😅Lead free solder – some hate it, I can’t find anything wrong with it
All little snippets go in here to keep the workspace clean and safe – not only once did I step into small parts and hurt my foot
So this is really most of the stuff I use. Other than that materials are mostly 24AWG hookup wire and 0.5mm solid core wire for connections on stripboard or protoboard.
About the board used, my preferred board is protoboard because I mostl use point to point soldering for bigger projects. I break the schematic up into manageable portions and the connect the boards woth header pins and sockets later on. For small projects I find stripboard to be easier because I usually don’t need as many cables for that bit that really depends on the project itself.